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1 major transaction
1) Общая лексика: (as in the Russian JSC and LLC laws) крупная сделка2) Экономика: крупная сделка (A transaction is deemed to be major if its value is in excess of 25 percent of the book value of a joint-stock company’s assets http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/54/15/1920656.pdf)3) ЕБРР: существенная сделка -
2 major transaction
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3 major transaction (as in the Russian JSC and LLC laws)
Общая лексика: крупная сделкаУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > major transaction (as in the Russian JSC and LLC laws)
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4 major european currency
English-Russian big medical dictionary > major european currency
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5 Portfolio Concentration risk
. риск потерь из-за:/- концентрации рисков на конкретном инструменте (инструмент);/- концентрация риска на отдельных операциях (крупная операция);/- концентрация риска на конкретном(ых) секторе(ах) экономики, включая отрасли промышленности и страны (экономический сектор). (risk of loss resulting from:/- concentration of exposure in a specific instrument (Instrument);/- concentration of exposure in a individual transactions (Major transaction);/- concentration of exposure in a specific economic sector(s) including industry sectors and countries (Economic sector)) . Словарь терминов по риск-медеджменту .Англо-русский экономический словарь > Portfolio Concentration risk
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6 MTA
1) Общая лексика: комбинированная (Manual Transmission Automatically Shifted - Easytronic. Die Easytronic ist ein automatisiertes 5-Gang-Getriebe, das die Vorteile eines Schaltgetriebes mit dem Komfort eines Automatikgetriebes verbindet.), maximum torque angle2) Компьютерная техника: Modem Telephony Agent, Multi Threaded Architecture3) Военный термин: MAC transportation authorization, Maritime Threat Analysis, Marseilles Training Area, Message Traffic Analysis, Military Training Act, maintenance task analysis, maintenance technical assistance, major training, major training area, military training airspace, military training area, missile transfer area, mobile training assistance4) Сельское хозяйство: машинно-тракторные агрегаты5) Шутливое выражение: Mayor Traveling Abroad6) Химия: Medium Quality Terephthalic Acid7) Грубое выражение: Motherfucking Transit Assholes8) Телекоммуникации: Major Trading Area9) Сокращение: Maintenance Training Aid, Manufacturing Technical Assistance, Medical Treatment Accident ((see also MTI - Medical Treatment Incident), Metropolitan Transportation Authority, Minimum Time Ashore, Modification and Test Agreement, motion time analysis10) Сленг: студент-медик, проходящий практику в клинике, любое неофициальное лицо, имеющее доступ к наркотикам (когда дежурного врача нет на месте, ночью), студент-медик, проходящий практику в клинике, интерн и т. д. любое неофициальное лицо, имеющее доступ к наркотикам (когда дежурного врача нет на месте, ночью)11) Вычислительная техника: Main Table Area (CD-MRW), Message Transfer Agent (MTS, OSI, X. 400), Mail Transport Agent (SMTP)12) Нефть: million tonnes per annum, mud tank area13) Связь: Multimedia Terminal Adapter14) Транспорт: Maryland Transport Authority, Maximum Time Aloft, Metropolitan Transit Authority15) Фирменный знак: Maryland Transit Administration16) Деловая лексика: Mandatory Time Away17) Производство: производить для обеспечения наличия18) Сетевые технологии: message transport agent, агент передачи сообщений, программный агент передачи сообщений19) Программирование: (Mail Transport Agent) почтовый транспортный агент (см. Mail Transport Agent)20) Сахалин Ю: million tons per annum21) Химическое оружие: mustard thaw area22) Молочное производство: Milko Tester Automatic23) Интернет: Message Transfer Agent Агент передачи сообщений24) Расширение файла: Message Transfer Agent, Multiple Terminal Access25) Электротехника: Maximal Torque Angle - максимальный угол нагрузки26) Высокочастотная электроника: microwave transition analyzer27) Майкрософт: агент MTA28) Чат: Model Turned Artist29) Правительство: Massachusetts Turnpike Authority30) Программное обеспечение: Mail Transfer Agent, Microsoft Transaction Application Programming Interface31) Музеи: Museum Of Tethered Art -
7 TM
1) Компьютерная техника: Technical Machine, Template Manager, Text Memory, Translation Memory2) Авиация: Trend Monitoring3) Медицина: барабанная перепонка ( tympanic membrane)4) Американизм: Technical Memo5) Спорт: Tournament Mission6) Военный термин: Landsat Thematic Mapper, Target Material, Task Message, Team Materials, Technical Memos, Theater Missile, Threat Manager, Town Major, tactical missile, tactical monitor, target management, target marker, target marking, target missile, team member, technical manager, technical memorandum, temporary mission, test manager, test manual, traffic manager, traffic model, trailer-mounted, training management, training manual, training memorandum, training mission, trench mortar7) Техника: Thread Mount, telemetering, telemetry, temperature, mean, temporary memory, test mode, time meter, time monitor, time multiplexing, tons per minute, top margin, transmitting mirror, transverse-magnetized, true motion radar, tuning meter8) Химия: Titanium Metallic, Transition Metal9) Математика: Threshold Method, машина Тьюринга (Turing machine)10) Железнодорожный термин: Texas Mexican Railway Company11) Биржевой термин: Trading Member12) Грубое выражение: Tiny Manhood13) Телекоммуникации: Terminal Multiplexer14) Сокращение: Technical Maintenance / Manual, Telemetry, Terrain Masking, The X Window System, Theatre Missile, Thematic Mapper, Time, Transverse Magnetic, Turkmenistan, takeoff mass, team, technician-mechanic, telemetering, temperature meter, tone modulation, trademark, transcendental meditation, Turing Machine, ton-miles, многоадресная телеграмма (multiple telegram)15) Текстиль: Thin Model16) Физика: Translation Modified17) Физиология: Temperature by mouth, Tympanic Membrane18) Электроника: Transport Module, Tri Mode, Ttl Master19) Вычислительная техника: Traffic Management, tape mark, tape module, transverse magnetized, TeleMail (BBS, Berlin, DFUE), Terminal Manager (Bull, DSA), Tools for MIME (EMACS, GNU, MIME), Transaction Monitor (TP)20) Литература: Toastmaster21) Нефть: time modulation22) Космонавтика: technology demonstration mission, ТМ23) Картография: transverse Mercator (projection)24) Транспорт: To The MaxiMUM, Transportation Mobility25) Фирменный знак: Treasured Memories26) СМИ: Tall Mike, Temporal Morphologies27) Деловая лексика: Technology Migration, Time Management28) Бурение: тонно-мили (ton-miles), фирменный знак (trade mark)29) Менеджмент: Team Management30) Образование: Teaching Machine31) Сетевые технологии: transaction manager, администратор транзакций32) Полимеры: technical manual, tetramethylthiurammonosulphide, throughput maximization, trade-mark, transfer molding, twist multiple33) Автоматика: tool monitor, tracer machining, truing motor34) Контроль качества: test model, trial modification35) Пластмассы: Transfer Molded36) Сахалин Ю: medium pressure condensate37) Химическое оружие: Task Manager, Army Technical Manual (US)38) Макаров: переходный металл39) Золотодобыча: thematic maper40) Расширение файла: EOSAT Landsat Thematic Mapper data file41) Нефть и газ: estimated equivalent first-order lag constant42) Электротехника: temperature monitor43) Фантастика Time Machine44) Имена и фамилии: Ted Mcrae, Tequila Mockingbird, Thomas Merton, Tin Man, Troy Montero45) Молекулярная биология: transmembrane46) Должность: Task Master, Time Missed, Trail Master, Typing Moms47) Чат: Thanks Much, Thoroughly Mesmerizing, Trust Me, Turd Monster48) NYSE. Toyota Motor Corporation49) НАСА: Test Mobile50) Программное обеспечение: Tools For Mime51) Единицы измерений: Ten Minute52) СМС: Too Much53) Международная торговля: Trade Mission -
8 Tm
1) Компьютерная техника: Technical Machine, Template Manager, Text Memory, Translation Memory2) Авиация: Trend Monitoring3) Медицина: барабанная перепонка ( tympanic membrane)4) Американизм: Technical Memo5) Спорт: Tournament Mission6) Военный термин: Landsat Thematic Mapper, Target Material, Task Message, Team Materials, Technical Memos, Theater Missile, Threat Manager, Town Major, tactical missile, tactical monitor, target management, target marker, target marking, target missile, team member, technical manager, technical memorandum, temporary mission, test manager, test manual, traffic manager, traffic model, trailer-mounted, training management, training manual, training memorandum, training mission, trench mortar7) Техника: Thread Mount, telemetering, telemetry, temperature, mean, temporary memory, test mode, time meter, time monitor, time multiplexing, tons per minute, top margin, transmitting mirror, transverse-magnetized, true motion radar, tuning meter8) Химия: Titanium Metallic, Transition Metal9) Математика: Threshold Method, машина Тьюринга (Turing machine)10) Железнодорожный термин: Texas Mexican Railway Company11) Биржевой термин: Trading Member12) Грубое выражение: Tiny Manhood13) Телекоммуникации: Terminal Multiplexer14) Сокращение: Technical Maintenance / Manual, Telemetry, Terrain Masking, The X Window System, Theatre Missile, Thematic Mapper, Time, Transverse Magnetic, Turkmenistan, takeoff mass, team, technician-mechanic, telemetering, temperature meter, tone modulation, trademark, transcendental meditation, Turing Machine, ton-miles, многоадресная телеграмма (multiple telegram)15) Текстиль: Thin Model16) Физика: Translation Modified17) Физиология: Temperature by mouth, Tympanic Membrane18) Электроника: Transport Module, Tri Mode, Ttl Master19) Вычислительная техника: Traffic Management, tape mark, tape module, transverse magnetized, TeleMail (BBS, Berlin, DFUE), Terminal Manager (Bull, DSA), Tools for MIME (EMACS, GNU, MIME), Transaction Monitor (TP)20) Литература: Toastmaster21) Нефть: time modulation22) Космонавтика: technology demonstration mission, ТМ23) Картография: transverse Mercator (projection)24) Транспорт: To The MaxiMUM, Transportation Mobility25) Фирменный знак: Treasured Memories26) СМИ: Tall Mike, Temporal Morphologies27) Деловая лексика: Technology Migration, Time Management28) Бурение: тонно-мили (ton-miles), фирменный знак (trade mark)29) Менеджмент: Team Management30) Образование: Teaching Machine31) Сетевые технологии: transaction manager, администратор транзакций32) Полимеры: technical manual, tetramethylthiurammonosulphide, throughput maximization, trade-mark, transfer molding, twist multiple33) Автоматика: tool monitor, tracer machining, truing motor34) Контроль качества: test model, trial modification35) Пластмассы: Transfer Molded36) Сахалин Ю: medium pressure condensate37) Химическое оружие: Task Manager, Army Technical Manual (US)38) Макаров: переходный металл39) Золотодобыча: thematic maper40) Расширение файла: EOSAT Landsat Thematic Mapper data file41) Нефть и газ: estimated equivalent first-order lag constant42) Электротехника: temperature monitor43) Фантастика Time Machine44) Имена и фамилии: Ted Mcrae, Tequila Mockingbird, Thomas Merton, Tin Man, Troy Montero45) Молекулярная биология: transmembrane46) Должность: Task Master, Time Missed, Trail Master, Typing Moms47) Чат: Thanks Much, Thoroughly Mesmerizing, Trust Me, Turd Monster48) NYSE. Toyota Motor Corporation49) НАСА: Test Mobile50) Программное обеспечение: Tools For Mime51) Единицы измерений: Ten Minute52) СМС: Too Much53) Международная торговля: Trade Mission -
9 tm
1) Компьютерная техника: Technical Machine, Template Manager, Text Memory, Translation Memory2) Авиация: Trend Monitoring3) Медицина: барабанная перепонка ( tympanic membrane)4) Американизм: Technical Memo5) Спорт: Tournament Mission6) Военный термин: Landsat Thematic Mapper, Target Material, Task Message, Team Materials, Technical Memos, Theater Missile, Threat Manager, Town Major, tactical missile, tactical monitor, target management, target marker, target marking, target missile, team member, technical manager, technical memorandum, temporary mission, test manager, test manual, traffic manager, traffic model, trailer-mounted, training management, training manual, training memorandum, training mission, trench mortar7) Техника: Thread Mount, telemetering, telemetry, temperature, mean, temporary memory, test mode, time meter, time monitor, time multiplexing, tons per minute, top margin, transmitting mirror, transverse-magnetized, true motion radar, tuning meter8) Химия: Titanium Metallic, Transition Metal9) Математика: Threshold Method, машина Тьюринга (Turing machine)10) Железнодорожный термин: Texas Mexican Railway Company11) Биржевой термин: Trading Member12) Грубое выражение: Tiny Manhood13) Телекоммуникации: Terminal Multiplexer14) Сокращение: Technical Maintenance / Manual, Telemetry, Terrain Masking, The X Window System, Theatre Missile, Thematic Mapper, Time, Transverse Magnetic, Turkmenistan, takeoff mass, team, technician-mechanic, telemetering, temperature meter, tone modulation, trademark, transcendental meditation, Turing Machine, ton-miles, многоадресная телеграмма (multiple telegram)15) Текстиль: Thin Model16) Физика: Translation Modified17) Физиология: Temperature by mouth, Tympanic Membrane18) Электроника: Transport Module, Tri Mode, Ttl Master19) Вычислительная техника: Traffic Management, tape mark, tape module, transverse magnetized, TeleMail (BBS, Berlin, DFUE), Terminal Manager (Bull, DSA), Tools for MIME (EMACS, GNU, MIME), Transaction Monitor (TP)20) Литература: Toastmaster21) Нефть: time modulation22) Космонавтика: technology demonstration mission, ТМ23) Картография: transverse Mercator (projection)24) Транспорт: To The MaxiMUM, Transportation Mobility25) Фирменный знак: Treasured Memories26) СМИ: Tall Mike, Temporal Morphologies27) Деловая лексика: Technology Migration, Time Management28) Бурение: тонно-мили (ton-miles), фирменный знак (trade mark)29) Менеджмент: Team Management30) Образование: Teaching Machine31) Сетевые технологии: transaction manager, администратор транзакций32) Полимеры: technical manual, tetramethylthiurammonosulphide, throughput maximization, trade-mark, transfer molding, twist multiple33) Автоматика: tool monitor, tracer machining, truing motor34) Контроль качества: test model, trial modification35) Пластмассы: Transfer Molded36) Сахалин Ю: medium pressure condensate37) Химическое оружие: Task Manager, Army Technical Manual (US)38) Макаров: переходный металл39) Золотодобыча: thematic maper40) Расширение файла: EOSAT Landsat Thematic Mapper data file41) Нефть и газ: estimated equivalent first-order lag constant42) Электротехника: temperature monitor43) Фантастика Time Machine44) Имена и фамилии: Ted Mcrae, Tequila Mockingbird, Thomas Merton, Tin Man, Troy Montero45) Молекулярная биология: transmembrane46) Должность: Task Master, Time Missed, Trail Master, Typing Moms47) Чат: Thanks Much, Thoroughly Mesmerizing, Trust Me, Turd Monster48) NYSE. Toyota Motor Corporation49) НАСА: Test Mobile50) Программное обеспечение: Tools For Mime51) Единицы измерений: Ten Minute52) СМС: Too Much53) Международная торговля: Trade Mission -
10 transit trade
транзитная торговля
Торговая операция, при которой транспортируемые товары пересекают одну или несколько стран на пути в страну назначения. Транзитная торговля может значительно повысить стоимость грузоперевозки и операционные издержки, тем самым препятствуя торговле между странами. Основными препятствиями транзитной торговле являются различные стандарты и постановления, недостаточная транспортная инфраструктура или использование информационных технологий, тарифы и задержки, связанные с пересечением границы. Статья V ГАТТ 1994 провозглашает принцип свободы пересечения границы, режим отсутствия дискриминации при транзитной торговле, ликвидацию задержек и избыточных сборов на границе
[Упрощение процедур торговли: англо-русский глоссарий терминов (пересмотренное второе издание) НЬЮ-ЙОРК, ЖЕНЕВА, МОСКВА 2011 год]EN
transit trade
A cross-border trade transaction, where the transported goods cross one or several countries before arriving at the country of destination. Transit trade could considerably raise freight and transaction costs and thus discourage cross-border trade. Major obstacles could be different standards and regulations, lacking transport infrastructure or ict usage, and border crossing fares and delays. Article V of the GATT endorses the freedom of transit, non-discriminatory treatment of transit trade, and an abolition of delays and excessive border levies, in order to encourage transit trade
[Trade Facilitation Terms: An English - Russian Glossary (revised second edition) NEW YORK, GENEVA, MOSCOW 2854]Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > transit trade
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11 customer
сущ.1) марк. = consumer 1),ATTRIBUTES: average 2. 2), commercial 1. 1), core 2. 1), current 2. 2), dependable 2. 2), direct 1. 3), distant 1. 1), end 1. 1), external 1. 3), final 1. 3), industrial 1. 1), internal 1. 3), key 2. 1), loyal 1. 1), major 1. 2), potential 2. 1), profitable 1. 1), prospective 2. 2), regular 1. 2), repeat 3. 2), target 3. 2)
foreign ( international) customer — зарубежный клиент, международный клиент
customer-oriented approach — подход, ориентированный на потребителя
customer-oriented pricing — ценообразование, ориентированное на потребителя
Her best customer of wine, olive oil and tobacco was Germany. — Ее лучшим покупателем вина, оливкового масла и табака была Германия.
vendor’s customer — клиент продавца
cash-cow customer — "дойный" клиент
credit card customer — клиент, расплачивающийся кредитной картой
to lose a customer — потерять клиента [покупателя\]
to service [to serve\] customers — обслуживать покупателей [клиентов\]
Ant:higher-priority customer 1), lower-priority customer, customer loop 1), customers flow 2) queueing theorySee:advertising customer, average customer, business customer, cash customer, charge-account customer, cloning customers, commercial customer, core customer, credit customer, current customer, defaulting customer, dependable customer, direct customer, distant customer, end customer, established customer, exacting customer, external customer, final customer, first time customer, first-class customer, government customer, higher-priority customer 2), high-priority customer, impatient customer, industrial customer, institutional customer, internal customer, key customer, long-standing customer, lost customer, loyal customer, major customer, manufacturer's customer, marginal customer, minor customer, non-preferred customer, patient customer, potential customer, preferential customer, preferred customer, premium customer, primary customer, private label customer, profitable customer, prospective customer, registered customer, regular customer, repeat customer, residential customer, retail customer, return customer, secondary customer, separate customer, target customer, ultimate customer, wholesale customer, would-be customer, customer acceptance, customer account, customer accounting, customer advice, customer affairs, customer appeal, customer attitude, customer base, customer behaviour, customer benefit, customer bias, customer category, customer cloning, customer coalition, customer complaint, customer confusion, customer conviction, customer data, customer delight, customer demand, customer departmentalization, customer discrimination, customer dissatisfaction, customer engineer, customer environment, customer evaluation, customer excellence, customer feedback, customer file, customer flow, customer goodwill, customer group, customer information, customer inquiry, customer involvement, customer journal, customer knowledge, customer ledger, customer list, customer location, customer loop 2), customer loyalty, customer management, customer market, customer mix, customer perception, customer perspective, customer preferences, customer profile, customer profitability analysis, customer quality, customer rate, customer relations, customer relationships, customer research, customer response time, customer retention, customer satisfaction, customer segment, customer service, customer size, customer specialization, customer support, customer survey, customer targeting, customer transaction, customer value, customer's account, customer's man, customer's needs, customer's specifications, customers cloning, customers flow 1) create customers, support customers, class of customer, assignment of customers, at the customer's option, business to customer, business-to-customer, circle of customers, class of customer, cloning of customers, customer in service, customer of long standing, know your customer, receivables from customers, voice of the customer, American Customer Satisfaction Index, customer assurance program, customer buying process, customer credit risk, customer financing risk, customer holdover effect, customer's loan consent, customer's net debit balance, Healthcare Customer Service Associate, Know Your Customer Rule2) ТМО клиент, абонент, объект (люди, блоки данных, задания, требования, процессы, сообщения, программы, вызовы, стоящие в очереди на обслуживание к компонентам системы обслуживания; напр., касса, узел коммутации, процессор, программа)See:higher-priority customer 1), lower-priority customer, customer loop 1), customers flow 2) queueing theory
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клиент: лицо, которое приобретает товары или услуги, берет что-либо в аренду (особенно на регулярной основе).* * *. . Словарь экономических терминов .* * *покупатель; заказчик -
12 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
13 CREST
2) Военный термин: Covert Reconnaissance/Strike, combat reporting system, crew escape and rescue techniques, crew escape technology3) Техника: Committee on Reactor Safety and Technology4) Юридический термин: Constitutional Rights Enforcement And Support Team6) Биржевой термин: Commercial Real Estate Structured Transaction7) Радио: Citizens Radio Emergency Service Teams8) Сокращение: Center for Research & studies on Strategy & Technology (USA), Committee of Scientific & Technological Research, Comprehensive Radar Effects Simulator Trainer, Consolidated Reporting & Evaluating Subsystem, Tactical9) Физиология: Calcinosis Raynaud's Esophagus Sclerodactyly And Telangiectasia, Calcinosis Raynauds Esophagus Sclerodactyly And Telangiectasia, Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Stenting Trial10) Банковское дело: CREST is the major UK securities settlement system for UK equities, government bonds and a range of other securities. (http://www.rbs.co.uk/corporate/electronic-services/g5/crest.ashx)11) Деловая лексика: Corporate Real Estate Services Training, Courteous, Reliable, Empathetic, Superior, And Timely12) Общественная организация: Center For Renewable Energy And Sustainable Technology, Columbia River Estuary Study Taskforce -
14 crest
2) Военный термин: Covert Reconnaissance/Strike, combat reporting system, crew escape and rescue techniques, crew escape technology3) Техника: Committee on Reactor Safety and Technology4) Юридический термин: Constitutional Rights Enforcement And Support Team6) Биржевой термин: Commercial Real Estate Structured Transaction7) Радио: Citizens Radio Emergency Service Teams8) Сокращение: Center for Research & studies on Strategy & Technology (USA), Committee of Scientific & Technological Research, Comprehensive Radar Effects Simulator Trainer, Consolidated Reporting & Evaluating Subsystem, Tactical9) Физиология: Calcinosis Raynaud's Esophagus Sclerodactyly And Telangiectasia, Calcinosis Raynauds Esophagus Sclerodactyly And Telangiectasia, Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Stenting Trial10) Банковское дело: CREST is the major UK securities settlement system for UK equities, government bonds and a range of other securities. (http://www.rbs.co.uk/corporate/electronic-services/g5/crest.ashx)11) Деловая лексика: Corporate Real Estate Services Training, Courteous, Reliable, Empathetic, Superior, And Timely12) Общественная организация: Center For Renewable Energy And Sustainable Technology, Columbia River Estuary Study Taskforce -
15 key
1) (криптографический) ключ2) ключ к замку или запирающему устройству, механический ключ- base key- candidate key- card key- code key- data key- DES key- fake key- file key- good key- hex key- host key- link key- lost key- node key- numeric key- numerical key- pass key- PRN key- safe key- seed key- test key- true key- used key- user key- weak key- work key- zone key -
16 system
1) система || системный3) вчт операционная система; программа-супервизор5) вчт большая программа6) метод; способ; алгоритм•system halted — "система остановлена" ( экранное сообщение об остановке компьютера при наличии серьёзной ошибки)
- CPsystem- H-system- h-system- hydrogen-air/lead battery hybrid system- Ksystem- Lsystem- L*a*b* system- master/slave computer system- p-system- y-system- Δ-system -
17 data
pl. от datumданные; информация; сведения- absolute data
- actual data
- adjusted data
- aggregated data
- alphanumeric data
- alphameric data
- alphabetic data
- analog data
- anomalous data
- applied data
- arrayed data
- asynchronous data
- attribute data
- autocorrelated data
- available data
- background data
- bad data
- biased data
- binary data
- binary raster data
- bipolar-valued data
- bipolar data
- bit strring data
- blocked data
- Boolean data
- built-in data
- business data
- byte-width data
- cache data
- cached data
- canned data
- carry-over data
- chain data
- character string data
- classified data
- clean data
- clear data
- coded data
- common data
- compacted data
- compatible data
- comprehensive data
- computer usage data
- computer-generated data
- concatenated data
- confidential data
- constitutional data
- constructed test data
- constructed data
- contiguous data
- continuous data
- continuous tone raster data
- control data
- coordinate data
- correction data
- critical data
- cumulative data
- current data
- data received into the keyboard
- database data
- debugging data
- decimal data
- derived data
- descriptive data
- destination data
- digital data
- digital-voice data
- digitized data
- dirty data
- discrete data
- disembodied data
- dispersed data
- documentary data
- downloaded data
- duplicate data
- dynamic data
- encoded data
- encrypted data
- engineering data
- error data
- evaluation data
- event-level data
- event data
- expect data
- expedited data
- false data
- field data
- field-performance data
- file data
- filed data
- fixed-point data
- flagged data
- floating-point data
- formatted data
- go-no-go data
- GPS data
- graphic data
- hierarchical data
- historical data
- Hollerith data
- host data
- housekeeping data
- image data
- immediate data
- imperfect data
- improper data
- incoming data
- incomplete data
- incremental data
- indexed data
- indicative data
- information data
- initial data
- input data
- integer data
- integrated data
- interactive data
- intermediate control data
- intermediate data
- intersection data
- invisible data
- job data
- key-punched data
- label data
- language data
- latched data
- line data
- list-structured data
- live data - logged data
- long constrained data
- lost data
- low delay data
- low-activity data
- machine-readable data
- major control data
- management data
- mask data
- masked data
- mass data
- master data
- meaningful data
- meaning data
- meaningless data
- mechanized data
- minor control data
- misleading data
- missing data
- model-made data
- multidimensional data
- multiple data
- multiplexed data
- multiuser accessible data
- N-bit data
- nonformatted data
- non-numeric data
- normal data
- null data
- numerical character data
- numeric character data
- numerical data
- numeric data
- observed data
- off-chip data
- on-line data
- operational data
- outgoing data
- outlying data
- output data
- packed data
- parallel data
- pattern data
- photo frame data
- pixel data
- pointer data
- pooled data
- poor data
- preformatted data
- primary data
- private data
- problem data
- public data
- punched data
- random test data
- ranked data
- rating data
- raw data
- real-time data
- recovery data
- reduced data
- referenced data
- refined data
- rejected data
- relative data
- relevant data
- reliability data
- reliable data
- remote data
- replicated data
- representative data
- run data
- sampled data
- schematic data
- scratch data
- secondary data
- sensitive data
- sensory data
- serial data
- shared data
- simulation data
- software problem data
- source data
- specified data
- speech data
- stale data
- stand-alone data
- starting data
- statement label data
- static data
- status data
- stored data
- string data
- structured data
- suspect data
- symptom data
- synthetic data
- system control data
- system output data
- tabular data
- tagged data
- task data
- telecommunications data
- test data
- time-referenced data
- timing data
- token data
- tooling data
- transaction data
- transcriptive data
- transient data
- transparent data
- trouble-shooting data
- true data
- tuple-structured data
- uncompatible data
- unconstrained delay data
- under voice data
- unformatted data
- ungrouped data
- unpacked data
- untagged data
- updatable data
- user data
- valid data
- variable data
- vectorized data
- video data data
- virtual data
- visible data
- warranty data
- wavefront data
- zero dataEnglish-Russian dictionary of computer science and programming > data
-
18 key
1) ключ; кнопка, клавиша; переключатель2) ключ, шифр, код; указание к решению3) переключать, работать ключом, коммутировать6) ключ (в управлении базами данных - идентификатор записи или группы записей в файле данных)7) снабжать ключом (для правильной пространственной ориентации, напр., микросхемы)8) ключ (папка в левой части окна редактора реестра (registry); может содержать подключи и значимые элементы)•- key in- key off
- key on
- key out
- accelerator key
- activate key
- actual key
- alphanumeric keys
- alphameric keys
- arrow key
- ascending key - authorization key
- autorepeating key
- backarrow key
- backspace key
- break key
- bucky bit key
- calculation key
- cancel key
- canceling key
- candidate key
- carriage restore key
- carriage reverse key
- carriage space key
- chained key
- change mode key
- character key
- check reset key
- chroma key
- clear key
- clear/entry key
- clearing key
- concatenated key
- confirmation key
- control key
- conversion key
- data encryption key
- dead key
- decimal key
- descending key
- diode key
- direction key
- duplicate key
- encryption key
- entity key
- entry and summation key
- erase key
- erase-all key
- escape key
- execute console instruction key
- extra key
- fast key
- foreign key
- front key
- function key
- generic control key
- generic key
- half-space key
- halt key
- home key
- hot key
- infinite random key
- initiate key
- interrupt key
- labeled key
- latch-down key
- lighted key
- load key
- major key
- membrane key
- menu-driven key
- minor key - one-shot key
- option key
- page-up key
- pass key
- primary key
- printscreen key
- privacy key
- private key
- product key
- programmable function key
- protection key
- public key
- qualified compound key
- release key
- request enter key
- reset key
- respond typeout key
- return key
- rubout key
- running key
- run-time key
- search key
- secondary key
- self-certified public key - session key
- shift key
- shifted function key
- shortcut key
- signaling key
- single cycle key
- single step key
- size key
- soft key
- sort key
- start key
- stop key
- storage key
- storage protection key
- switch key
- system key
- system utility key
- top key
- transaction key
- unlabeled function key
- unmatched key
- up arrow key
- user-definable key
- voice keyEnglish-Russian dictionary of computer science and programming > key
-
19 currency
n1) валюта, деньги
- accounting currency
- adjustable currency
- agreed currency
- agreement currency
- anchor currency
- appreciated currency
- article eight currency
- automatic currency
- base currency
- blocked currency
- cheap currency
- cheque currency
- clearing currency
- collective currency
- common currency
- controlled currency
- convertible currency
- convertible in gold currency
- counterfeit currency
- credit currency
- dealt currency
- decimal currency
- deposit currency
- depreciated currency
- depreciating currency
- devalued currency
- domestic currency
- double currency
- elastic currency
- emergency currency
- exotic currency
- exporter's currency
- falling currency
- fiat currencies
- fiduciary currency
- floating currency
- fluctuating currency
- forced currency
- foreign currency
- fractional currency
- free currency
- freely convertible currency
- freely floating currency
- full-bodied currency
- fully convertible currency
- functional currency
- general asset currency
- gold currency
- green currency
- hand-to-hand currency
- hard currency
- home currency
- importer's currency
- inconvertible currency
- inflated currency
- international currency
- intervention currency
- irredeemable currency
- jointly floating currency
- key currency
- lawful currency
- leading currency
- local currency
- major currencies
- managed currency
- metallic currency
- mixed currency
- national currency
- nonconvertible currency
- overvalued currency
- paper currency
- partially convertible currency
- pegged currency
- permitted currencies
- quotation currency
- redeemable in gold currency
- reference currency
- regulated currency
- reporting currency
- reserve currency
- revalued currency
- scarce currency
- settled currency
- shaky currency
- silver currency
- single currency
- small denomination currency
- soft currency
- sound currency
- splinter currency
- stable currency
- standard currency
- third-country currency
- trading currency
- transaction currency
- treasury currency
- undervalued currency
- unstable currency
- vehicle currency
- volatile currency
- currency in circulation
- currency of account
- currency of a bill
- currency of clearing
- currency of a contract
- currency of credit
- currency of exchange clause
- currency of money
- currency of payment
- currency of price
- currency pegged to the dollar
- appreciate currency
- back currency
- compute in currency
- control currency
- convert currency
- debase currency
- deposit currency
- depreciate currency
- devalorize currency
- devaluate currency
- devalue currency
- dump currency
- earn currency
- exchange currency
- express in currency
- manage currency
- pay in currency
- prop up currency
- purchase currency
- realize for foreign currency
- regulate currency
- remit currency
- revalorize currency
- revalue currency
- sell for foreign currency
- transfer currency from one account to another
- transfer currency to an accountEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > currency
-
20 currency
1) валюта, денежная единица2) деньги в обращении, денежные инструменты•
- 1
- 2
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Transaction Processing Facility — Infobox OS name = z/TPF caption = developer = IBM source model = Closed source (Source code is available to licenced users with restrictions) kernel type = Real time supported platforms = ? ui = ? family = z/TPF released = latest release version … Wikipedia
Transaction Exposure — The risk, faced by companies involved in international trade, that currency exchange rates will change after the companies have already entered into financial obligations. Such exposure to fluctuating exchange rates can lead to major losses for… … Investment dictionary
commercial transaction — ▪ economics Introduction in law, the core of the legal rules governing business dealings. The most common types of commercial transactions, involving such specialized areas of the law and legal instruments as sale of goods and documents of… … Universalium
Card not present transaction — A card not present transaction (CNP) is a credit card purchase made over the telephone or over the Internet where the physical card has not been swiped into a reader. It is a major route for credit card fraud. If a fraudulent transaction is… … Wikipedia
Microsoft Transaction Server — (MTS) was software that provided services to Component Object Model (COM) software components, to make it easier to create large distributed applications. The major services provided by MTS were automated transaction management, instance… … Wikipedia
Currency transaction tax — For the more specific types of currency transaction taxes , see Tobin tax and Spahn tax. See also: Financial transaction tax A currency transaction tax is a tax placed on a specific type of currency transaction for a specific purpose. This term… … Wikipedia
Derived unique key per transaction — In cryptography, Derived Unique Key Per Transaction (DUKPT) is a key management scheme in which for every transaction, a unique key is used which is derived from a fixed key. Therefore, if a derived key is compromised, future and past transaction … Wikipedia
Related-Party Transaction — A business deal or arrangement between two parties who are joined by a special relationship prior to the deal. For example, a business transaction between a major shareholder and the corporation, such as a contract for the shareholder s company… … Investment dictionary